# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#    Copyright (C) 2004-2017 by
#    Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
#    Dan Schult <dschult@colgate.edu>
#    Pieter Swart <swart@lanl.gov>
#    All rights reserved.
#    BSD license.
#
# Authors: Aric Hagberg (hagberg@lanl.gov)
#          Pieter Swart (swart@lanl.gov)
#          Joel Miller (jmiller@lanl.gov)
#          Dan Schult (dschult@lanl.gov)
"""Functions for generating grid graphs and lattices

The :func:`grid_2d_graph`, :func:`triangular_lattice_graph`, and
:func:`hexagonal_lattice_graph` functions correspond to the three
`regular tilings of the plane`_, the square, triangular, and hexagonal
tilings, respectively. :func:`grid_graph` and :func:`hypercube_graph`
are similar for arbitrary dimensions. Useful relevent discussion can
be found about `Triangular Tiling`_, and `Square, Hex and Triangle Grids`_

.. _regular tilings of the plane: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regular_polytopes_and_compounds#Euclidean_tilings
.. _Square, Hex and Triangle Grids: http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~amitp/game-programming/grids/
.. _Triangular Tiling: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_tiling

"""
from __future__ import division

from math import sqrt

from networkx.classes import Graph
from networkx.classes import set_node_attributes
from networkx.algorithms.minors import contracted_nodes
from networkx.algorithms.operators.product import cartesian_product
from networkx.exception import NetworkXError
from networkx.relabel import relabel_nodes
from networkx.utils import flatten
from networkx.utils import is_list_of_ints
from networkx.utils import nodes_or_number
from networkx.utils import pairwise
from networkx.generators.classic import cycle_graph
from networkx.generators.classic import empty_graph
from networkx.generators.classic import path_graph

__all__ = ['grid_2d_graph', 'grid_graph', 'hypercube_graph',
           'triangular_lattice_graph', 'hexagonal_lattice_graph']


@nodes_or_number([0, 1])
def grid_2d_graph(m, n, periodic=False, create_using=None):
    """Returns the two-dimensional grid graph.

    The grid graph has each node connected to its four nearest neighbors.

    Parameters
    ----------
    m, n : int or iterable container of nodes
        If an integer, nodes are from `range(n)`.
        If a container, elements become the coordinate of the nodes.

    periodic : bool (default: False)
        If this is ``True`` the nodes on the grid boundaries are joined
        to the corresponding nodes on the opposite grid boundaries.

    create_using : NetworkX graph (default: Graph())
        If provided this graph is cleared of nodes and edges and filled
        with the new graph. Usually used to set the type of the graph.

    Returns
    -------
    NetworkX graph
        The (possibly periodic) grid graph of the specified dimensions.

    """
    G = empty_graph(0, create_using)
    row_name, rows = m
    col_name, cols = n
    G.add_nodes_from((i, j) for i in rows for j in cols)
    G.add_edges_from(((i, j), (pi, j))
                     for pi, i in pairwise(rows) for j in cols)
    G.add_edges_from(((i, j), (i, pj))
                     for i in rows for pj, j in pairwise(cols))
    if periodic is True:
        if len(rows) > 2:
            first = rows[0]
            last = rows[-1]
            G.add_edges_from(((first, j), (last, j)) for j in cols)
        if len(cols) > 2:
            first = cols[0]
            last = cols[-1]
            G.add_edges_from(((i, first), (i, last)) for i in rows)
    # both directions for directed
    if G.is_directed():
        G.add_edges_from((v, u) for u, v in G.edges())
    return G


def grid_graph(dim, periodic=False):
    """Returns the *n*-dimensional grid graph.

    The dimension *n* is the length of the list `dim` and the size in
    each dimension is the value of the corresponding list element.

    Parameters
    ----------
    dim : list or tuple of numbers or iterables of nodes
        'dim' is a tuple or list with, for each dimension, either a number
        that is the size of that dimension or an iterable of nodes for
        that dimension. The dimension of the grid_graph is the length
        of `dim`.

    periodic : bool
        If `periodic is True` the nodes on the grid boundaries are joined
        to the corresponding nodes on the opposite grid boundaries.

    Returns
    -------
    NetworkX graph
        The (possibly periodic) grid graph of the specified dimensions.

    Examples
    --------
    To produce a 2 by 3 by 4 grid graph, a graph on 24 nodes:

    >>> from networkx import grid_graph
    >>> G = grid_graph(dim=[2, 3, 4])
    >>> len(G)
    24
    >>> G = grid_graph(dim=[range(7, 9), range(3, 6)])
    >>> len(G)
    6
    """
    dlabel = "%s" % dim
    if not dim:
        G = empty_graph(0)
        return G

    func = cycle_graph if periodic else path_graph
    G = func(dim[0])
    for current_dim in dim[1:]:
        # order matters: copy before it is cleared during the creation of Gnew
        Gold = G.copy()
        Gnew = func(current_dim)
        # explicit: create_using = None
        # This is so that we get a new graph of Gnew's class.
        G = cartesian_product(Gnew, Gold)
    # graph G is done but has labels of the form (1, (2, (3, 1))) so relabel
    H = relabel_nodes(G, flatten)
    return H


def hypercube_graph(n):
    """Returns the *n*-dimensional hypercube graph.

    The nodes are the integers between 0 and ``2 ** n - 1``, inclusive.

    For more information on the hypercube graph, see the Wikipedia
    article `Hypercube graph`_.

    .. _Hypercube graph: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercube_graph

    Parameters
    ----------
    n : int
        The dimension of the hypercube.
        The number of nodes in the graph will be ``2 ** n``.

    Returns
    -------
    NetworkX graph
        The hypercube graph of dimension *n*.
    """
    dim = n * [2]
    G = grid_graph(dim)
    return G


def triangular_lattice_graph(m, n, periodic=False, with_positions=True,
                             create_using=None):
    """Returns the $m$ by $n$ triangular lattice graph.

    The `triangular lattice graph`_ is a two-dimensional `grid graph`_ in
    which each square unit has a diagonal edge (each grid unit has a chord).

    The returned graph has $m$ rows and $n$ columns of triangles. Rows and
    columns include both triangles pointing up and down. Rows form a strip
    of constant height. Columns form a series of diamond shapes, staggered
    with the columns on either side. Another way to state the size is that
    the nodes form a grid of `m+1` rows and `(n + 1) // 2` columns.
    The odd row nodes are shifted horizontally relative to the even rows.

    Directed graph types have edges pointed up or right.

    Positions of nodes are computed by default or `with_positions is True`.
    The position of each node (embedded in a euclidean plane) is stored in
    the graph using equilateral triangles with sidelength 1.
    The height between rows of nodes is thus $\sqrt(3)/2$.
    Nodes lie in the first quadrant with the node $(0, 0)$ at the origin.

    .. _triangular lattice graph: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/TriangularGrid.html
    .. _grid graph: http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~amitp/game-programming/grids/
    .. _Triangular Tiling: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_tiling

    Parameters
    ----------
    m : int
        The number of rows in the lattice.

    n : int
        The number of columns in the lattice.

    periodic : bool (default: False)
        If True, join the boundary vertices of the grid using periodic
        boundary conditions. The join between boundaries is the final row
        and column of triangles. This means there is one row and one column
        fewer nodes for the periodic lattice. Periodic lattices require
        `m >= 3`, `n >= 5` and are allowed but misaligned if `m` or `n` are odd

    with_positions : bool (default: True)
        Store the coordinates of each node in the graph node attribute 'pos'.
        The coordinates provide a lattice with equilateral triangles.
        Periodic positions shift the nodes vertically in a nonlinear way so
        the edges don't overlap so much.

    create_using : NetworkX graph
        If specified, this must be an instance of a NetworkX graph
        class. It will be cleared of nodes and edges and filled
        with the new graph. Usually used to set the type of the graph.

    Returns
    -------
    NetworkX graph
        The *m* by *n* triangular lattice graph.
    """
    H = empty_graph(0, create_using)
    if n == 0 or m == 0:
        return H
    if periodic:
        if n < 5 or m < 3:
            msg = "m > 2 and n > 4 required for periodic. m={}, n={}"
            raise NetworkXError(msg.format(m, n))

    N = (n + 1) // 2  # number of nodes in row
    rows = range(m + 1)
    cols = range(N + 1)
    # Make grid
    H.add_edges_from(((i, j), (i + 1, j)) for j in rows for i in cols[:N])
    H.add_edges_from(((i, j), (i, j + 1)) for j in rows[:m] for i in cols)
    # add diagonals
    H.add_edges_from(((i, j), (i + 1, j + 1))
                     for j in rows[1:m:2] for i in cols[:N])
    H.add_edges_from(((i + 1, j), (i, j + 1))
                     for j in rows[:m:2] for i in cols[:N])
    # identify boundary nodes if periodic
    if periodic is True:
        for i in cols:
            H = contracted_nodes(H, (i, 0), (i, m))
        for j in rows[:m]:
            H = contracted_nodes(H, (0, j), (N, j))
    elif n % 2:
        # remove extra nodes
        H.remove_nodes_from(((N, j) for j in rows[1::2]))

    # Add position node attributes
    if with_positions:
        ii = (i for i in cols for j in rows)
        jj = (j for i in cols for j in rows)
        xx = (0.5 * (j % 2) + i for i in cols for j in rows)
        h = sqrt(3)/2
        if periodic:
            yy = (h * j + .01 * i * i for i in cols for j in rows)
        else:
            yy = (h * j for i in cols for j in rows)
        pos = {(i, j): (x, y) for i, j, x, y in zip(ii, jj, xx, yy)
               if (i, j) in H}
        set_node_attributes(H, pos, 'pos')
    return H


def hexagonal_lattice_graph(m, n, periodic=False, with_positions=True,
                            create_using=None):
    """Returns an `m` by `n` hexagonal lattice graph.

    The *hexagonal lattice graph* is a graph whose nodes and edges are
    the `hexagonal tiling`_ of the plane.

    The returned graph will have `m` rows and `n` columns of hexagons.
    `Odd numbered columns`_ are shifted up relative to even numbered columns.

    Positions of nodes are computed by default or `with_positions is True`.
    Node positions creating the standard embedding in the plane
    with sidelength 1 and are stored in the node attribute 'pos'.
    `pos = nx.get_node_attributes(G, 'pos')` creates a dict ready for drawing.

    .. _hexagonal tiling: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagonal_tiling
    .. _Odd numbered columns: http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~amitp/game-programming/grids/

    Parameters
    ----------
    m : int
        The number of rows of hexagons in the lattice.

    n : int
        The number of columns of hexagons in the lattice.

    periodic : bool
        Whether to make a periodic grid by joining the boundary vertices.
        For this to work `n` must be odd and both `n > 1` and `m > 1`.
        The periodic connections create another row and column of hexagons
        so these graphs have fewer nodes as boundary nodes are identified.

    with_positions : bool (default: True)
        Store the coordinates of each node in the graph node attribute 'pos'.
        The coordinates provide a lattice with vertical columns of hexagons
        offset to interleave and cover the plane.
        Periodic positions shift the nodes vertically in a nonlinear way so
        the edges don't overlap so much.

    create_using : NetworkX graph
        If specified, this must be an instance of a NetworkX graph
        class. It will be cleared of nodes and edges and filled
        with the new graph. Usually used to set the type of the graph.
        If graph is directed, edges will point up or right.

    Returns
    -------
    NetworkX graph
        The *m* by *n* hexagonal lattice graph.
    """
    G = create_using if create_using is not None else Graph()
    G.clear()
    if m == 0 or n == 0:
        return G
    if periodic and (n % 2 == 1 or m < 2 or n < 2):
        msg = "periodic hexagonal lattice needs m > 1, n > 1 and even n"
        raise NetworkXError(msg)

    M = 2 * m    # twice as many nodes as hexagons vertically
    rows = range(M + 2)
    cols = range(n + 1)
    # make lattice
    col_edges = (((i, j), (i, j + 1)) for i in cols for j in rows[:M + 1])
    row_edges = (((i, j), (i + 1, j)) for i in cols[:n] for j in rows
                 if i % 2 == j % 2)
    G.add_edges_from(col_edges)
    G.add_edges_from(row_edges)
    # Remove corner nodes with one edge
    G.remove_node((0, M + 1))
    G.remove_node((n, (M + 1) * (n % 2)))

    # identify boundary nodes if periodic
    if periodic:
        for i in cols[:n]:
            G = contracted_nodes(G, (i, 0), (i, M))
        for i in cols[1:]:
            G = contracted_nodes(G, (i, 1), (i, M + 1))
        for j in rows[1:M]:
            G = contracted_nodes(G, (0, j), (n, j))
        G.remove_node((n, M))

    # calc position in embedded space
    ii = (i for i in cols for j in rows)
    jj = (j for i in cols for j in rows)
    xx = (0.5 + i + i // 2 + (j % 2) * ((i % 2) - .5)
          for i in cols for j in rows)
    h = sqrt(3)/2
    if periodic:
        yy = (h * j + .01*i*i for i in cols for j in rows)
    else:
        yy = (h * j for i in cols for j in rows)
    # exclude nodes not in G
    pos = {(i, j): (x, y) for i, j, x, y in zip(ii, jj, xx, yy) if (i, j) in G}
    set_node_attributes(G, pos, 'pos')
    return G
