# Copyright The Lightning AI team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import logging
import os
import shutil
import signal
import tempfile
import time
from datetime import timedelta
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Union

import torch
import torch.distributed
from torch import Tensor
from torch.nn import Module
from torch.nn.parallel.distributed import DistributedDataParallel
from torch.optim.optimizer import Optimizer

import pytorch_lightning as pl
from lightning_fabric.plugins import CheckpointIO, ClusterEnvironment
from lightning_fabric.plugins.collectives.torch_collective import default_pg_timeout
from lightning_fabric.utilities.distributed import (
    _distributed_available,
    _get_default_process_group_backend_for_device,
    _init_dist_connection,
    _sync_ddp_if_available,
)
from lightning_fabric.utilities.distributed import group as _group
from lightning_fabric.utilities.imports import _IS_WINDOWS, _TORCH_GREATER_EQUAL_1_11
from lightning_fabric.utilities.optimizer import _optimizers_to_device
from lightning_fabric.utilities.seed import reset_seed
from lightning_fabric.utilities.types import ReduceOp
from pytorch_lightning.core.optimizer import LightningOptimizer
from pytorch_lightning.overrides import LightningDistributedModule
from pytorch_lightning.overrides.base import _LightningPrecisionModuleWrapperBase
from pytorch_lightning.overrides.distributed import prepare_for_backward
from pytorch_lightning.overrides.fairscale import _FAIRSCALE_AVAILABLE
from pytorch_lightning.plugins.precision import PrecisionPlugin
from pytorch_lightning.strategies.launchers.subprocess_script import _SubprocessScriptLauncher
from pytorch_lightning.strategies.parallel import ParallelStrategy
from pytorch_lightning.strategies.strategy import TBroadcast
from pytorch_lightning.trainer.states import TrainerFn
from pytorch_lightning.utilities.distributed import register_ddp_comm_hook
from pytorch_lightning.utilities.exceptions import DeadlockDetectedException
from pytorch_lightning.utilities.rank_zero import rank_zero_info, rank_zero_only, rank_zero_warn
from pytorch_lightning.utilities.types import PredictStep, STEP_OUTPUT, TestStep, ValidationStep

if _FAIRSCALE_AVAILABLE:
    from fairscale.optim import OSS
else:
    OSS = object
if torch.distributed.is_available():
    from torch.distributed.algorithms.model_averaging.averagers import ModelAverager

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class DDPStrategy(ParallelStrategy):
    """Strategy for multi-process single-device training on one or multiple nodes."""

    strategy_name = "ddp"

    def __init__(
        self,
        accelerator: Optional["pl.accelerators.Accelerator"] = None,
        parallel_devices: Optional[List[torch.device]] = None,
        cluster_environment: Optional[ClusterEnvironment] = None,
        checkpoint_io: Optional[CheckpointIO] = None,
        precision_plugin: Optional[PrecisionPlugin] = None,
        ddp_comm_state: Optional[object] = None,
        ddp_comm_hook: Optional[Callable] = None,
        ddp_comm_wrapper: Optional[Callable] = None,
        model_averaging_period: Optional[int] = None,
        process_group_backend: Optional[str] = None,
        timeout: Optional[timedelta] = default_pg_timeout,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(
            accelerator=accelerator,
            parallel_devices=parallel_devices,
            cluster_environment=cluster_environment,
            checkpoint_io=checkpoint_io,
            precision_plugin=precision_plugin,
        )
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: initializing DDP plugin")
        self._num_nodes = 1
        self._ddp_kwargs = kwargs
        self._ddp_comm_state = ddp_comm_state
        self._ddp_comm_hook = ddp_comm_hook
        self._ddp_comm_wrapper = ddp_comm_wrapper
        self._model_averaging_period = model_averaging_period
        self._model_averager: Optional[ModelAverager] = None
        self._pids: List[int] = []
        self._sync_dir: Optional[str] = None
        self._rank_0_will_call_children_scripts: bool = False
        self._process_group_backend: Optional[str] = process_group_backend
        self._timeout: Optional[timedelta] = timeout

    @property
    def is_distributed(self) -> bool:
        return True

    @property
    def root_device(self) -> torch.device:
        assert self.parallel_devices is not None
        return self.parallel_devices[self.local_rank]

    @property
    def num_nodes(self) -> int:
        return self._num_nodes

    @num_nodes.setter
    def num_nodes(self, num_nodes: int) -> None:
        # note that world ranks is related to num_nodes, when resetting it, need to reset world ranks
        self._num_nodes = num_nodes

    @property
    def num_processes(self) -> int:
        return len(self.parallel_devices) if self.parallel_devices is not None else 0

    @property
    def distributed_sampler_kwargs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return dict(num_replicas=(self.num_nodes * self.num_processes), rank=self.global_rank)

    @property
    def _is_single_process_single_device(self) -> bool:
        return True

    @property
    def process_group_backend(self) -> Optional[str]:
        return self._process_group_backend

    def _configure_launcher(self) -> None:
        assert self.cluster_environment is not None
        if not self.cluster_environment.creates_processes_externally:
            self._launcher = _SubprocessScriptLauncher(self.cluster_environment, self.num_processes, self.num_nodes)
            self._rank_0_will_call_children_scripts = True

    def setup_environment(self) -> None:
        self.setup_distributed()
        super().setup_environment()

    def setup(self, trainer: "pl.Trainer") -> None:
        # share ddp pids to all processes
        self._rank_0_will_call_children_scripts = bool(self.broadcast(self._rank_0_will_call_children_scripts))
        if self._should_run_deadlock_detection():
            self._share_information_to_prevent_deadlock()

        assert self.accelerator is not None
        self.accelerator.setup(trainer)

        # move the model to the correct device
        self.model_to_device()

        # skip wrapping the model if we are not fitting as no gradients need to be exchanged
        trainer_fn = trainer.state.fn

        if trainer_fn == TrainerFn.FITTING:
            if self._layer_sync:
                assert self.model is not None
                self.model = self._layer_sync.apply(self.model)

        self.setup_precision_plugin()

        if trainer_fn == TrainerFn.FITTING:
            self.configure_ddp()

            # set up optimizers after the wrapped module has been moved to the device
            self.setup_optimizers(trainer)
            _optimizers_to_device(self.optimizers, self.root_device)

        if trainer_fn == TrainerFn.FITTING:
            import torch.distributed.algorithms.ddp_comm_hooks.post_localSGD_hook as post_localSGD

            if isinstance(self._ddp_comm_state, post_localSGD.PostLocalSGDState):
                self._enable_model_averaging()

    def _setup_model(self, model: Module) -> DistributedDataParallel:
        """Wraps the model into a :class:`~torch.nn.parallel.distributed.DistributedDataParallel` module."""
        device_ids = self.determine_ddp_device_ids()
        log.detail(f"setting up DDP model with device ids: {device_ids}, kwargs: {self._ddp_kwargs}")
        return DistributedDataParallel(module=model, device_ids=device_ids, **self._ddp_kwargs)

    def setup_distributed(self) -> None:
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: setting up distributed...")
        reset_seed()
        self.set_world_ranks()
        rank_zero_only.rank = self.global_rank
        self._process_group_backend = self._get_process_group_backend()
        assert self.cluster_environment is not None
        _init_dist_connection(self.cluster_environment, self._process_group_backend, timeout=self._timeout)

    def _get_process_group_backend(self) -> str:
        return self._process_group_backend or _get_default_process_group_backend_for_device(self.root_device)

    def set_world_ranks(self) -> None:
        if self.cluster_environment is None:
            return
        self.cluster_environment.set_global_rank(self.node_rank * self.num_processes + self.local_rank)
        self.cluster_environment.set_world_size(self.num_nodes * self.num_processes)
        rank_zero_only.rank = self.cluster_environment.global_rank()

    def pre_configure_ddp(self) -> None:
        # if unset, default `find_unused_parameters` `True`
        # Many models require setting this parameter to True, as there are corner cases
        # when not all parameter backward hooks are fired by the autograd engine even if require_grad is set to True.
        # This flag does come with a performance hit, so it is suggested to disable in cases where it is possible.
        self._ddp_kwargs["find_unused_parameters"] = self._ddp_kwargs.get("find_unused_parameters", True)

    def _register_ddp_hooks(self) -> None:
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: registering ddp hooks")
        if self.root_device.type == "cuda" and self._is_single_process_single_device:
            assert isinstance(self.model, DistributedDataParallel)
            register_ddp_comm_hook(
                model=self.model,
                ddp_comm_state=self._ddp_comm_state,
                ddp_comm_hook=self._ddp_comm_hook,
                ddp_comm_wrapper=self._ddp_comm_wrapper,
            )

    def _enable_model_averaging(self) -> None:
        # Only called when PyTorch version >= 1.10
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: reinitializing optimizers with post localSGD")
        if self._model_averaging_period is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Post-localSGD algorithm is used, but model averaging period is not provided to DDP strategy."
            )
        from torch.distributed.optim import DistributedOptimizer, PostLocalSGDOptimizer, ZeroRedundancyOptimizer

        for optimizer in self.optimizers:
            if isinstance(optimizer, LightningOptimizer):
                optimizer = optimizer._optimizer

            is_distributed_optimizer = isinstance(optimizer, DistributedOptimizer) if not _IS_WINDOWS else False
            if (
                is_distributed_optimizer
                or isinstance(optimizer, ZeroRedundancyOptimizer)
                or (_FAIRSCALE_AVAILABLE and isinstance(optimizer, OSS))
                or isinstance(optimizer, PostLocalSGDOptimizer)
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Currently model averaging cannot work with a distributed optimizer of type "
                    f"{optimizer.__class__.__name__}."
                )

        assert self._ddp_comm_state is not None
        self._model_averager = torch.distributed.algorithms.model_averaging.averagers.PeriodicModelAverager(
            period=self._model_averaging_period, warmup_steps=self._ddp_comm_state.start_localSGD_iter
        )

    def optimizer_step(
        self,
        optimizer: Optimizer,
        opt_idx: int,
        closure: Callable[[], Any],
        model: Optional[Union["pl.LightningModule", Module]] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Any:
        """Performs the actual optimizer step.

        Args:
            optimizer: the optimizer performing the step
            opt_idx: index of the current optimizer
            closure: closure calculating the loss value
            model: reference to the model, optionally defining optimizer step related hooks
            **kwargs: Any extra arguments to ``optimizer.step``
        """
        optimizer_output = super().optimizer_step(optimizer, opt_idx, closure, model, **kwargs)

        if self._model_averager is None:
            return optimizer_output

        params = [param for group in optimizer.param_groups for param in group["params"] if param.grad is not None]
        self._model_averager.average_parameters(iter(params))

        return optimizer_output

    def configure_ddp(self) -> None:
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: configuring DistributedDataParallel")
        self.pre_configure_ddp()
        assert isinstance(self.model, (pl.LightningModule, _LightningPrecisionModuleWrapperBase))
        self.model = self._setup_model(LightningDistributedModule(self.model))
        self._register_ddp_hooks()

    def determine_ddp_device_ids(self) -> Optional[List[int]]:
        if self.root_device.type == "cpu":
            return None
        return [self.root_device.index]

    def barrier(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        if not _distributed_available():
            return
        if torch.distributed.get_backend() == "nccl":
            torch.distributed.barrier(device_ids=self.determine_ddp_device_ids())
        else:
            torch.distributed.barrier()

    def broadcast(self, obj: TBroadcast, src: int = 0) -> TBroadcast:
        obj = [obj]
        if self.global_rank != src:
            obj = [None]  # type: ignore[list-item]
        torch.distributed.broadcast_object_list(obj, src, group=_group.WORLD)
        return obj[0]

    def pre_backward(self, closure_loss: Tensor) -> None:
        """Run before precision plugin executes backward."""
        if not isinstance(self.model, DistributedDataParallel):
            return
        assert self.lightning_module is not None
        if not self.lightning_module.automatic_optimization:
            prepare_for_backward(self.model, closure_loss)

    def model_to_device(self) -> None:
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: moving model to device [{self.root_device}]...")
        assert self.model is not None
        self.model.to(self.root_device)

    def reduce(
        self, tensor: Tensor, group: Optional[Any] = None, reduce_op: Optional[Union[ReduceOp, str]] = "mean"
    ) -> Tensor:
        """Reduces a tensor from several distributed processes to one aggregated tensor.

        Args:
            tensor: the tensor to sync and reduce
            group: the process group to gather results from. Defaults to all processes (world)
            reduce_op: the reduction operation. Defaults to 'mean'/'avg'.
                Can also be a string 'sum' to calculate the sum during reduction.

        Return:
            reduced value, except when the input was not a tensor the output remains is unchanged
        """
        if isinstance(tensor, Tensor):
            tensor = _sync_ddp_if_available(tensor, group, reduce_op=reduce_op)
        return tensor

    def training_step(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> STEP_OUTPUT:
        assert self.model is not None
        with self.precision_plugin.train_step_context():
            return self.model(*args, **kwargs)

    def validation_step(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[STEP_OUTPUT]:
        with self.precision_plugin.val_step_context():
            assert self.lightning_module is not None
            assert self.model is not None
            if self.lightning_module.trainer.state.fn == TrainerFn.FITTING:
                # used when calling `trainer.fit`
                return self.model(*args, **kwargs)
            else:
                # used when calling `trainer.validate`
                assert isinstance(self.model, ValidationStep)
                return self.model.validation_step(*args, **kwargs)

    def test_step(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Optional[STEP_OUTPUT]:
        with self.precision_plugin.test_step_context():
            assert isinstance(self.model, TestStep)
            return self.model.test_step(*args, **kwargs)

    def predict_step(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> STEP_OUTPUT:
        with self.precision_plugin.predict_step_context():
            assert isinstance(self.model, PredictStep)
            return self.model.predict_step(*args, **kwargs)

    def post_training_step(self) -> None:
        assert self.lightning_module is not None
        if not self.lightning_module.automatic_optimization:
            assert self.model is not None
            self.model.require_backward_grad_sync = True  # type: ignore[assignment]

    @classmethod
    def register_strategies(cls, strategy_registry: Dict) -> None:
        strategy_registry.register(
            "ddp_find_unused_parameters_false",
            cls,
            description="DDP Strategy with `find_unused_parameters` as False",
            find_unused_parameters=False,
        )
        strategy_registry.register(
            cls.strategy_name,
            cls,
            description=f"{cls.__class__.__name__}",
        )

    def _should_run_deadlock_detection(self) -> bool:
        """Determines whether the plugin will perform process reconciliation in case of errors.

        If the environment variable `PL_RECONCILE_PROCESS` is set, run detection regardless of the cluster environment.
        By default this is disabled. Otherwise, if the cluster environment creates the processes, allow the scheduler /
        parent process to perform the process termination, external to Lightning.
        """
        return os.getenv("PL_RECONCILE_PROCESS", "0") == "1" or self._rank_0_will_call_children_scripts

    def _share_information_to_prevent_deadlock(self) -> None:
        self._share_pids()

        # there should be a unique sync_dir per nodes.
        if self.local_rank == 0:
            # create a temporary directory used to synchronize processes on deadlock.
            self._sync_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()

        sync_dirs = []
        global_node_rank_zero = 0
        for _ in range(self.num_nodes):
            sync_dirs.append(self.broadcast(self._sync_dir, global_node_rank_zero))
            global_node_rank_zero += self.world_size // self.num_nodes

        self._sync_dir = sync_dirs[self.node_rank]

    def _share_pids(self) -> None:
        """Make all DDP processes aware of all processes pids."""
        self.barrier()
        pids = self.all_gather(torch.tensor(os.getpid(), device=self.root_device))
        pids = pids.cpu().numpy().tolist()
        self._pids = pids if isinstance(pids, list) else [pids]

    def reconciliate_processes(self, trace: str) -> None:
        if self.world_size < 2:
            return

        if not self._should_run_deadlock_detection():
            return

        sync_dir = self._sync_dir

        if not sync_dir:
            rank_zero_warn("Error handling mechanism for deadlock detection is uninitialized. Skipping check.")
            return

        # The cluster may be configured to periodically purge the `/tmp`
        # directory, in which case `sync_dir` may not exist anymore at this
        # point. Idempotently create it to ensure its existence.
        Path(sync_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        # save a file locally.
        torch.save(True, os.path.join(sync_dir, f"{self.global_rank}.pl"))

        # sleep for a short time
        time.sleep(3)

        # return if all processes wrote a file in the `sync_dir`.
        # todo (tchaton) Add support for non-shared file-system which will fail.
        if len(os.listdir(sync_dir)) == (self.world_size // self.num_nodes):
            return

        for pid in self._pids:
            if pid != os.getpid():
                os.kill(pid, signal.SIGKILL)
        shutil.rmtree(sync_dir)
        raise DeadlockDetectedException(f"DeadLock detected from rank: {self.global_rank} \n {trace}")

    def teardown(self) -> None:
        log.detail(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: tearing down strategy")

        pl_module = self.lightning_module
        if isinstance(self.model, DistributedDataParallel):
            if (
                _TORCH_GREATER_EQUAL_1_11
                and not self.model.static_graph
                and self.model._get_ddp_logging_data().get("can_set_static_graph")
            ):
                rank_zero_info(
                    "Your model can run with static graph optimizations. For future training runs, we suggest you"
                    f" pass `Trainer(..., strategy={self.__class__.__name__}(static_graph=True))` to enable them."
                )
            # unwrap model
            self.model = pl_module

        if (
            pl_module is not None
            # `self.lightning_module._trainer` can be None if teardown gets called on an exception before
            # the trainer gets set on the LightningModule
            and pl_module._trainer is not None
            and pl_module._trainer.state.fn == TrainerFn.FITTING
            and self._layer_sync
        ):
            assert self.model is not None
            self.model = self._layer_sync.revert(self.model)

        super().teardown()
