# Companion to Applied Regression

## Documentation for package ‘car’ version 3.0-13

- DESCRIPTION file.
- User guides, package vignettes and other documentation.
- Package NEWS.

## Help Pages

A B C D E G H I L M N O P Q R S T V W Y misc

## -- A --

adaptiveKernel | Nonparametric Density Estimates
Anova | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.aov | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.coxme | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.coxph | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.default | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.glm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.lm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.lme | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.manova | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.mer | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.merMod | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.mlm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.multinom | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.polr | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.rlm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Anova.svyglm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
as.data.frame.univaov | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
av.plot | Defunct Functions in the car Package
av.plots | Defunct Functions in the car Package
avp | Added-Variable Plots
avPlot | Added-Variable Plots
avPlot.glm | Added-Variable Plots
avPlot.lm | Added-Variable Plots
avPlots | Added-Variable Plots
avPlots.default | Added-Variable Plots

## -- B --

basicPower | Box-Cox, Box-Cox with Negatives Allowed, Yeo-Johnson and Basic Power Transformations
basicPowerAxis | Axes for Transformed Variables
bc | Defunct Functions in the car Package
bcnPower | Box-Cox, Box-Cox with Negatives Allowed, Yeo-Johnson and Basic Power Transformations
bcnPowerAxis | Axes for Transformed Variables
bcnPowerInverse | Box-Cox, Box-Cox with Negatives Allowed, Yeo-Johnson and Basic Power Transformations
bcPower | Box-Cox, Box-Cox with Negatives Allowed, Yeo-Johnson and Basic Power Transformations
bcPowerAxis | Axes for Transformed Variables
Boot | Bootstrapping for regression models
Boot.default | Bootstrapping for regression models
Boot.glm | Bootstrapping for regression models
Boot.lm | Bootstrapping for regression models
Boot.nls | Bootstrapping for regression models
bootCase | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
bootCase.glm | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
bootCase.lm | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
bootCase.nls | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
box.cox | Defunct Functions in the car Package
box.cox.powers | Defunct Functions in the car Package
box.cox.var | Defunct Functions in the car Package
box.tidwell | Defunct Functions in the car Package
boxCox | Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D, or in 2D with the bcnPower family.
boxCox.bcnPowerTransform | Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D, or in 2D with the bcnPower family.
boxCox.default | Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D, or in 2D with the bcnPower family.
boxCox.formula | Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D, or in 2D with the bcnPower family.
boxCox.lm | Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D, or in 2D with the bcnPower family.
boxCox2d | Graph the profile log-likelihood for Box-Cox transformations in 1D, or in 2D with the bcnPower family.
boxCoxVariable | Constructed Variable for Box-Cox Transformation
Boxplot | Boxplots With Point Identification
Boxplot.data.frame | Boxplots With Point Identification
Boxplot.default | Boxplots With Point Identification
Boxplot.formula | Boxplots With Point Identification
Boxplot.list | Boxplots With Point Identification
Boxplot.matrix | Boxplots With Point Identification
boxTidwell | Box-Tidwell Transformations
boxTidwell.default | Box-Tidwell Transformations
boxTidwell.formula | Box-Tidwell Transformations
brief | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.character | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.data.frame | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.default | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.factor | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.function | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.glm | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.integer | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.list | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.lm | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.matrix | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.multinom | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.numeric | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.polr | Print Abbreviated Ouput
brief.tbl | Print Abbreviated Ouput

## -- C --

car-defunct | Defunct Functions in the car Package
car-deprecated | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
car-internal.Rd | Internal Objects for the 'car' package
carHexsticker | View the Official Hex Sticker for the car Package
carPalette | Set or Retrieve 'car' Package Color Palette
carWeb | Access to the R Companion to Applied Regression Website
ceres.plot | Defunct Functions in the car Package
ceres.plots | Defunct Functions in the car Package
ceresPlot | Ceres Plots
ceresPlot.glm | Ceres Plots
ceresPlot.lm | Ceres Plots
ceresPlots | Ceres Plots
ceresPlots.default | Ceres Plots
compareCoefs | Print estimated coefficients and their standard errors in a table for several regression models.
confidence.ellipse | Defunct Functions in the car Package
confidenceEllipse | Ellipses, Data Ellipses, and Confidence Ellipses
confidenceEllipse.default | Ellipses, Data Ellipses, and Confidence Ellipses
confidenceEllipse.glm | Ellipses, Data Ellipses, and Confidence Ellipses
confidenceEllipse.lm | Ellipses, Data Ellipses, and Confidence Ellipses
Confint | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.boot | Methods Functions to Support 'boot' Objects
confint.boot | Methods Functions to Support 'boot' Objects
Confint.default | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.glm | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.glmerMod | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.lm | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.lme | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.lmerMod | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.multinom | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
Confint.polr | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
contr.Helmert | Functions to Construct Contrasts
contr.Sum | Functions to Construct Contrasts
contr.Treatment | Functions to Construct Contrasts
Contrasts | Functions to Construct Contrasts
cookd | Defunct Functions in the car Package
cooks.distance.influence.lme | Influence Diagnostics for Mixed-Effects Models
cr.plot | Defunct Functions in the car Package
cr.plots | Defunct Functions in the car Package
crp | Component+Residual (Partial Residual) Plots
crPlot | Component+Residual (Partial Residual) Plots
crPlot.lm | Component+Residual (Partial Residual) Plots
crPlots | Component+Residual (Partial Residual) Plots
crPlots.default | Component+Residual (Partial Residual) Plots

## -- D --

data.ellipse | Defunct Functions in the car Package
dataEllipse | Ellipses, Data Ellipses, and Confidence Ellipses
dbiwt | Nonparametric Density Estimates
deltaMethod | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.coxph | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.default | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.lm | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.lme | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.lmList | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.mer | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.merMod | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.multinom | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.nls | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.polr | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
deltaMethod.survreg | Estimate and Standard Error of a Nonlinear Function of Estimated Regression Coefficients
densityPlot | Nonparametric Density Estimates
densityPlot.default | Nonparametric Density Estimates
densityPlot.formula | Nonparametric Density Estimates
depan | Nonparametric Density Estimates
dfbeta.influence.lme | Influence Diagnostics for Mixed-Effects Models
dfbetaPlots | dfbeta and dfbetas Index Plots
dfbetaPlots.lm | dfbeta and dfbetas Index Plots
dfbetas.influence.lme | Influence Diagnostics for Mixed-Effects Models
dfbetasPlots | dfbeta and dfbetas Index Plots
dfbetasPlots.lm | dfbeta and dfbetas Index Plots
durbin.watson | Defunct Functions in the car Package
durbinWatsonTest | Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelated Errors
durbinWatsonTest.default | Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelated Errors
durbinWatsonTest.lm | Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelated Errors
dwt | Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelated Errors

## -- E --

ellipse | Ellipses, Data Ellipses, and Confidence Ellipses
Export | Export a data frame to disk in one of many formats

## -- G --

gamLine | Smoothers to Draw Lines on Scatterplots

## -- H --

hccm | Heteroscedasticity-Corrected Covariance Matrices
hccm.default | Heteroscedasticity-Corrected Covariance Matrices
hccm.lm | Heteroscedasticity-Corrected Covariance Matrices
hist.boot | Methods Functions to Support 'boot' Objects

## -- I --

Identify3d | Three-Dimensional Scatterplots and Point Identification
Import | Import data from many file formats
infIndexPlot | Influence Index Plot
infIndexPlot.influence.lme | Influence Index Plot
infIndexPlot.influence.merMod | Influence Index Plot
infIndexPlot.lm | Influence Index Plot
infIndexPlot.lmerMod | Influence Index Plot
influence.lme | Influence Diagnostics for Mixed-Effects Models
influence.mixed.models | Influence Diagnostics for Mixed-Effects Models
influence.plot | Regression Influence Plot
influenceIndexPlot | Influence Index Plot
influencePlot | Regression Influence Plot
influencePlot.lm | Regression Influence Plot
influencePlot.lmerMod | Regression Influence Plot
inverseResponsePlot | Inverse Response Plots to Transform the Response
inverseResponsePlot.lm | Inverse Response Plots to Transform the Response
invResPlot | Inverse Response Plots to Transform the Response
invTranEstimate | Choose a Predictor Transformation Visually or Numerically
invTranPlot | Choose a Predictor Transformation Visually or Numerically
invTranPlot.default | Choose a Predictor Transformation Visually or Numerically
invTranPlot.formula | Choose a Predictor Transformation Visually or Numerically

## -- L --

levene.test | Defunct Functions in the car Package
leveneTest | Levene's Test
leveneTest.default | Levene's Test
leveneTest.formula | Levene's Test
leveneTest.lm | Levene's Test
leverage.plot | Defunct Functions in the car Package
leverage.plots | Defunct Functions in the car Package
leveragePlot | Regression Leverage Plots
leveragePlot.glm | Regression Leverage Plots
leveragePlot.lm | Regression Leverage Plots
leveragePlots | Regression Leverage Plots
lht | Test Linear Hypothesis
linear.hypothesis | Defunct Functions in the car Package
linearHypothesis | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.default | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.glm | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.lm | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.lme | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.lmList | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.mer | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.merMod | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.mlm | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.nlsList | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.polr | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.rlm | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.survreg | Test Linear Hypothesis
linearHypothesis.svyglm | Test Linear Hypothesis
loessLine | Smoothers to Draw Lines on Scatterplots
logit | Logit Transformation

## -- M --

makeHypothesis | Test Linear Hypothesis
Manova | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
Manova.mlm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
marginalModelPlot | Marginal Model Plotting
marginalModelPlots | Marginal Model Plotting
matchCoefs | Test Linear Hypothesis
matchCoefs.default | Test Linear Hypothesis
matchCoefs.lme | Test Linear Hypothesis
matchCoefs.lmList | Test Linear Hypothesis
matchCoefs.mer | Test Linear Hypothesis
matchCoefs.merMod | Test Linear Hypothesis
matchCoefs.mlm | Test Linear Hypothesis
mcPlot | Draw Linear Model Marginal and Conditional Plots in Parallel or Overlaid
mcPlot.glm | Draw Linear Model Marginal and Conditional Plots in Parallel or Overlaid
mcPlot.lm | Draw Linear Model Marginal and Conditional Plots in Parallel or Overlaid
mcPlots | Draw Linear Model Marginal and Conditional Plots in Parallel or Overlaid
mcPlots.default | Draw Linear Model Marginal and Conditional Plots in Parallel or Overlaid
mmp | Marginal Model Plotting
mmp.default | Marginal Model Plotting
mmp.glm | Marginal Model Plotting
mmp.lm | Marginal Model Plotting
mmps | Marginal Model Plotting

## -- N --

ncv.test | Defunct Functions in the car Package
ncvTest | Score Test for Non-Constant Error Variance
ncvTest.glm | Score Test for Non-Constant Error Variance
ncvTest.lm | Score Test for Non-Constant Error Variance
nextBoot | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
nextBoot.lm | Deprecated Functions in the car Package
nextBoot.nls | Deprecated Functions in the car Package

## -- O --

outlier.test | Defunct Functions in the car Package
outlierTest | Bonferroni Outlier Test
outlierTest.glm | Bonferroni Outlier Test
outlierTest.lm | Bonferroni Outlier Test
outlierTest.lmerMod | Bonferroni Outlier Test

## -- P --

panel.car | Panel Function for Coplots
poTest | Test for Proportional Odds in the Proportional-Odds Logistic-Regression Model
poTest.polr | Test for Proportional Odds in the Proportional-Odds Logistic-Regression Model
powerTransform | Finding Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations
powerTransform.default | Finding Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations
powerTransform.formula | Finding Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations
powerTransform.lm | Finding Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations
powerTransform.lmerMod | Finding Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations
Predict | Model Predictions
Predict.lm | Model Predictions
print.Anova.mlm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
print.boxTidwell | Box-Tidwell Transformations
print.durbinWatsonTest | Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelated Errors
print.linearHypothesis.mlm | Test Linear Hypothesis
print.outlierTest | Bonferroni Outlier Test
print.poTest | Test for Proportional Odds in the Proportional-Odds Logistic-Regression Model
print.S.glm | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.S.glmerMod | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.S.lm | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.S.lme | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.S.lmerMod | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.S.multinom | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.S.polr | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
print.spreadLevelPlot | Spread-Level Plots
print.summary.Anova.mlm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
print.univaov | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
printHypothesis | Test Linear Hypothesis
probabilityAxis | Axes for Transformed Variables

## -- Q --

qq.plot | Defunct Functions in the car Package
qqp | Quantile-Comparison Plot
qqPlot | Quantile-Comparison Plot
qqPlot.default | Quantile-Comparison Plot
qqPlot.formula | Quantile-Comparison Plot
qqPlot.glm | Quantile-Comparison Plot
qqPlot.lm | Quantile-Comparison Plot
quantregLine | Smoothers to Draw Lines on Scatterplots

## -- R --

Recode | Recode a Variable
recode | Recode a Variable
regLine | Plot Regression Line
residCurvTest | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residCurvTest.glm | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residCurvTest.lm | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlot | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlot.default | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlot.glm | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlot.lm | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlots | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlots.default | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlots.glm | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models
residualPlots.lm | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models

## -- S --

S | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.data.frame | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.default | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.glm | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.glmerMod | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.lm | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.lme | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.lmerMod | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.multinom | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
S.polr | Modified Functions for Summarizing Linear, Generalized Linear, and Some Other Models
scatter3d | Three-Dimensional Scatterplots and Point Identification
scatter3d.default | Three-Dimensional Scatterplots and Point Identification
scatter3d.formula | Three-Dimensional Scatterplots and Point Identification
scatterplot | Enhanced Scatterplots with Marginal Boxplots, Point Marking, Smoothers, and More
scatterplot.default | Enhanced Scatterplots with Marginal Boxplots, Point Marking, Smoothers, and More
scatterplot.formula | Enhanced Scatterplots with Marginal Boxplots, Point Marking, Smoothers, and More
scatterplotMatrix | Scatterplot Matrices
scatterplotMatrix.default | Scatterplot Matrices
scatterplotMatrix.formula | Scatterplot Matrices
ScatterplotSmoothers | Smoothers to Draw Lines on Scatterplots
showLabels | Functions to Identify and Mark Extreme Points in a 2D Plot.
sigmaHat | Return the scale estimate for a regression model
sigmaHat.default | Return the scale estimate for a regression model
sigmaHat.glm | Return the scale estimate for a regression model
sigmaHat.lm | Return the scale estimate for a regression model
skewPower | Defunct Functions in the car Package
slp | Spread-Level Plots
some | Sample a Few Elements of an Object
some.data.frame | Sample a Few Elements of an Object
some.default | Sample a Few Elements of an Object
some.matrix | Sample a Few Elements of an Object
sp | Enhanced Scatterplots with Marginal Boxplots, Point Marking, Smoothers, and More
spm | Scatterplot Matrices
spread.level.plot | Defunct Functions in the car Package
spreadLevelPlot | Spread-Level Plots
spreadLevelPlot.default | Spread-Level Plots
spreadLevelPlot.formula | Spread-Level Plots
spreadLevelPlot.lm | Spread-Level Plots
strings2factors | Convert Character-String Variables in a Data Frame to Factors
strings2factors.data.frame | Convert Character-String Variables in a Data Frame to Factors
subsets | Plot Output from regsubsets Function in leaps package
subsets.regsubsets | Plot Output from regsubsets Function in leaps package
summary.Anova.mlm | Anova Tables for Various Statistical Models
summary.boot | Methods Functions to Support 'boot' Objects
symbox | Boxplots for transformations to symmetry
symbox.default | Boxplots for transformations to symmetry
symbox.formula | Boxplots for transformations to symmetry
symbox.lm | Boxplots for transformations to symmetry

## -- T --

Tapply | Apply a Function to a Variable Within Factor Levels
testTransform | Likelihood-Ratio Tests for Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations to Normality
testTransform.bcnPowerTransformlmer | Likelihood-Ratio Tests for Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations to Normality
testTransform.lmerModpowerTransform | Likelihood-Ratio Tests for Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations to Normality
testTransform.powerTransform | Likelihood-Ratio Tests for Univariate or Multivariate Power Transformations to Normality
tukeyNonaddTest | Residual Plots for Linear and Generalized Linear Models

## -- V --

vcov.boot | Methods Functions to Support 'boot' Objects
vif | Variance Inflation Factors
vif.default | Variance Inflation Factors
vif.lm | Variance Inflation Factors
vif.merMod | Variance Inflation Factors
vif.polr | Variance Inflation Factors
vif.svyolr | Variance Inflation Factors

## -- W --

wcrossprod | Weighted Matrix Crossproduct
which.names | Position of Row Names
whichNames | Position of Row Names
whichNames.data.frame | Position of Row Names
whichNames.default | Position of Row Names

## -- Y --

yjPower | Box-Cox, Box-Cox with Negatives Allowed, Yeo-Johnson and Basic Power Transformations
yjPowerAxis | Axes for Transformed Variables

## -- misc --

.carEnv | Internal Objects for the 'car' package