# Gibbs Sea Water Functions

## Documentation for package ‘gsw’ version 1.0-5

- DESCRIPTION file.
- User guides, package vignettes and other documentation.
- Package NEWS.

## Help Pages

A G S

gsw-package | R implementation of Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10)

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argfix | Reshape list elements to match that of the first element

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gsw | R implementation of Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater - 2010 (TEOS-10)
gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_from_CT | Adiabatic Lapse Rate
gsw_adiabatic_lapse_rate_ice | Adiabatic Lapse Rate of Ice
gsw_alpha | Thermal expansion coefficient with respect to Conservative Temperature
gsw_alpha_on_beta | Thermal expansion coefficient over haline contraction coefficient
gsw_alpha_wrt_t_exact | Thermal expansion coefficient with respect to in-situ temperature
gsw_alpha_wrt_t_ice | Ice Thermal Expansion Coefficient with Respect to in-situ Temperature
gsw_beta | Haline contraction coefficient at constant Conservative Temperature
gsw_beta_const_t_exact | Haline contraction coefficient at constant in-situ temperature
gsw_cabbeling | Cabbeling coefficient
gsw_chem_potential_water_ice | Chemical Potential of Ice
gsw_chem_potential_water_t_exact | Chemical Potential of Water in Seawater
gsw_cp_ice | Specific heat to ice
gsw_cp_t_exact | Isobaric heat capacity
gsw_CT_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature
gsw_CT_first_derivatives_wrt_t_exact | Derivatives of Conservative Temperature with Respect to or at Constant in-situ Temperature
gsw_CT_freezing | Conservative Temperature of Freezing Seawater
gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water
gsw_CT_freezing_first_derivatives_poly | First Derivatives of Conservative Temperature for Freezing Water (Polynomial version)
gsw_CT_freezing_poly | Conservative Temperature Freezing Point (Polynomial version)
gsw_CT_from_enthalpy | Conservative Temperature from Enthalpy
gsw_CT_from_entropy | Conservative Temperature from Entropy
gsw_CT_from_pt | Conservative Temperature from Potential Temperature
gsw_CT_from_rho | Conservative Temperature from Density, Absolute Salinity and Pressure
gsw_CT_from_t | Convert from temperature to conservative temperature
gsw_CT_maxdensity | Conservative Temperature at Maximum Density
gsw_CT_second_derivatives | Second Derivatives of Conservative Temperature
gsw_C_from_SP | Electrical Conductivity from Practical Salinity
gsw_deltaSA_from_SP | Absolute Salinity Anomaly from Practical Salinity
gsw_dilution_coefficient_t_exact | Dilution coefficient
gsw_dynamic_enthalpy | Dynamic enthalpy of seawater (75-term equation)
gsw_enthalpy | Specific enthalpy of seawater (75-term equation)
gsw_enthalpy_CT_exact | Seawater Specific Enthalpy in terms of Conservative Temperature
gsw_enthalpy_diff | Specific Enthalpy Difference with Pressure
gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Enthalpy
gsw_enthalpy_first_derivatives_CT_exact | First Derivatives of Enthalpy wrt CT
gsw_enthalpy_ice | Ice Specific Enthalpy
gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives | Second Derivatives of Enthalpy
gsw_enthalpy_second_derivatives_CT_exact | Second Derivatives of Enthalpy (exact)
gsw_enthalpy_t_exact | Seawater Specific Enthalpy in terms of in-situ Temperature
gsw_entropy_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Entropy
gsw_entropy_from_pt | Specific Entropy ito Absolute Salinity and Potential Temperature
gsw_entropy_from_t | Specific Entropy i.t.o. Absolute Salinity, Temperature, and Pressure
gsw_entropy_ice | Entropy of ice
gsw_entropy_second_derivatives | Second Derivatives of Entropy
gsw_Fdelta | Ratio of Absolute to Preformed Salinity, minus 1
gsw_frazil_properties | Properties of Frazil ice
gsw_frazil_properties_potential | Properties of Frazil ice i.t.o. potential enthalpy
gsw_frazil_properties_potential_poly | Properties of Frazil ice i.t.o. potential enthalpy (polynomial version)
gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic | Ratios of SA, CT and p changes when Frazil Ice Forms
gsw_frazil_ratios_adiabatic_poly | Ratios of SA, CT and p changes when Frazil Ice Forms (polynomial form)
gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height | Geostrophic Dynamic Height Anomaly
gsw_geo_strf_dyn_height_pc | Geostrophic Dynamic Height Anomaly (Piecewise-Constant Profile)
gsw_gibbs | Gibbs Energy of Seawater, and its Derivatives
gsw_gibbs_ice | Gibbs Energy of Ice, and its Derivatives
gsw_grav | Gravitational Acceleration
gsw_Helmholtz_energy_ice | Helmholtz Energy of Ice
gsw_ice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater | Ice Fraction to Cool Seawater to Freezing
gsw_internal_energy | Specific Internal Energy of Seawater (75-term equation)
gsw_internal_energy_ice | Specific Internal Energy of Ice (75-term equation)
gsw_IPV_vs_fNsquared_ratio | Ratio of vert. gradient of pot. density to vert grad of locally-referenced pot density
gsw_kappa | Isentropic Compressibility of Seawater (75-term equation)
gsw_kappa_const_t_ice | Isothermal Compressibility of Ice
gsw_kappa_ice | Isentropic Compressibility of Ice
gsw_kappa_t_exact | Isentropic compressibility of seawater (exact)
gsw_latentheat_evap_CT | Latent heat of evaporation
gsw_latentheat_evap_t | Latent heat of evaporation
gsw_latentheat_melting | Latent Heat of Melting
gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio | Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in near-freezing Seawater
gsw_melting_ice_equilibrium_SA_CT_ratio_poly | Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in near-freezing Seawater (Polynomial version)
gsw_melting_ice_into_seawater | Calculate properties related to ice melting in seawater
gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio | Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in Seawater
gsw_melting_ice_SA_CT_ratio_poly | Calculate d(SA)/d(CT) for Ice Melting in Seawater (Polynomial version)
gsw_melting_seaice_into_seawater | Calculate properties related to seaice melting in seawater
gsw_Nsquared | Calculate Brunt Vaisala Frequency squared
gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice | Potential Enthalpy of Ice
gsw_pot_enthalpy_from_pt_ice_poly | Potential Enthalpy of Ice (Polynomial version)
gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing | Potential Enthalpy of Ice at Freezing Point
gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Potential Enthalpy
gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_first_derivatives_poly | First Derivatives of Potential Enthalpy (Polynomial version)
gsw_pot_enthalpy_ice_freezing_poly | Potential Enthalpy of Ice at Freezing Point (Polynomial version)
gsw_pot_rho_t_exact | Potential density
gsw_pressure_coefficient_ice | Pressure Coefficient for Ice
gsw_pressure_freezing_CT | Pressure at which Seawater Freezes
gsw_pt0_from_t | Potential temperature referenced to the surface
gsw_pt0_from_t_ice | Potential Temperature of Ice Referenced to the Surface
gsw_pt_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Potential Temperature
gsw_pt_from_CT | Potential temperature from Conservative Temperature
gsw_pt_from_entropy | Potential Temperature from Entropy
gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice | Potential Temperature from Potential Enthalpy of Ice
gsw_pt_from_pot_enthalpy_ice_poly | Potential Temperature from Potential Enthalpy of Ice (Polynomial version)
gsw_pt_from_t | Potential Temperature from in-situ Temperature
gsw_pt_from_t_ice | Potential Temperature of Ice from in-situ Temperature
gsw_pt_second_derivatives | Second Derivatives of Potential Temperature
gsw_p_from_z | Pressure from height (75-term equation)
gsw_rho | In-situ density
gsw_rho_alpha_beta | In-situ density, thermal expansion coefficient and haline contraction coefficient (75-term equation)
gsw_rho_first_derivatives | Density First Derivatives wrt SA, CT and p (75-term equation)
gsw_rho_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy | Density First Derivatives wrt enthalpy (75-term equation)
gsw_rho_ice | In-situ density of ice
gsw_rho_second_derivatives | Second Derivatives of Density
gsw_rho_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy | Second Derivatives of Density wrt Enthalpy
gsw_rho_t_exact | In-situ Density of Seawater
gsw_SAAR | Absolute Salinity Anomaly Ratio
gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT | Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing Conservative Temperature
gsw_SA_freezing_from_CT_poly | Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing Point (Polynomial version)
gsw_SA_freezing_from_t | Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing in-situ Temperature
gsw_SA_freezing_from_t_poly | Compute Absolute Salinity at Freezing in-situ Temperature (Polynomial version)
gsw_SA_from_rho | Compute Absolute Salinity from Density, etc
gsw_SA_from_SP | Convert from Practical Salinity to Absolute Salinity
gsw_SA_from_SP_Baltic | Convert from Practical Salinity to Absolute Salinity (Baltic)
gsw_SA_from_Sstar | Absolute Salinity from Preformed Salinity
gsw_seaice_fraction_to_freeze_seawater | Sea ice Fraction to Cool Seawater to Freezing
gsw_sigma0 | Potential density anomaly referenced to 0 dbar
gsw_sigma1 | Potential density anomaly referenced to 1000 dbar
gsw_sigma2 | Potential density anomaly referenced to 2000 dbar
gsw_sigma3 | Potential density anomaly referenced to 3000 dbar
gsw_sigma4 | Potential density anomaly referenced to 4000 dbar
gsw_sound_speed | Sound speed
gsw_sound_speed_ice | Sound speed in ice
gsw_sound_speed_t_exact | Sound Speed in Seawater
gsw_specvol | Specific Volume of Seawater
gsw_specvol_alpha_beta | Specific Volume, alpha, and beta
gsw_specvol_anom_standard | Specific volume anomaly [standard] (75-term equation)
gsw_specvol_first_derivatives | First Derivatives of Specific Volume
gsw_specvol_first_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy | First Derivatives of Specific Volume wrt Enthalpy
gsw_specvol_ice | Specific Volume of Ice
gsw_specvol_second_derivatives | Second Derivatives of Specific Volume
gsw_specvol_second_derivatives_wrt_enthalpy | Second Derivatives of Specific Volume wrt Enthalpy
gsw_specvol_t_exact | Specific Volume of Seawater
gsw_spiciness0 | Seawater Spiciness at p=0 dbar
gsw_spiciness1 | Seawater Spiciness at p=1000 dbar
gsw_spiciness2 | Seawater Spiciness at p=2000 dbar
gsw_SP_from_C | Convert from Electrical Conductivity to Practical Salinity
gsw_SP_from_SA | Convert from Absolute Salinity to Practical Salinity
gsw_SP_from_SK | Calculate Practical Salinity from Knudsen Salinity
gsw_SP_from_SR | Calculate Practical Salinity from Reference Salinity
gsw_SP_from_Sstar | Practical Salinity from Preformed Salinity
gsw_SR_from_SP | Calculate Reference Salinity from Practical Salinity
gsw_Sstar_from_SA | Convert from Absolute Salinity to Preformed Salinity
gsw_Sstar_from_SP | Convert from Practical Salinity to Preformed Salinity
gsw_thermobaric | Thermobaric coefficient (75-term equation)
gsw_Turner_Rsubrho | Turner Angle and Density Ratio
gsw_t_deriv_chem_potential_water_t_exact | Derivative of Chemical Potential of Water in Seawater wrt Temperature
gsw_t_freezing | Freezing Temperature of Seawater
gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives | Derivatives of Freezing Water Properties
gsw_t_freezing_first_derivatives_poly | Derivatives of Freezing Water Properties (Polynomial version)
gsw_t_from_CT | In situ temperature from Conservative Temperature
gsw_t_from_pt0_ice | In situ Temperature from Potential Temperature at 0dbar
gsw_z_from_p | Height from Pressure

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saar | Global SA lookup file