abbreviate {base} | R Documentation

## Abbreviate Strings

### Description

Abbreviate strings to at least `minlength` characters, such that they remain unique (if they were), unless `strict = TRUE`.

### Usage

    abbreviate(names.arg, minlength = 4, use.classes = TRUE,
               dot = FALSE, strict = FALSE,
               method = c("left.kept", "both.sides"), named = TRUE)

### Arguments

`names.arg` | a character vector of names to be abbreviated, or an object to be coerced to a character vector by `as.character`.
`minlength` | the minimum length of the abbreviations.
`use.classes` | logical: should lowercase characters be removed first?
`dot` | logical: should a dot (`"."`) be appended?
`strict` | logical: should `minlength` be observed strictly? Note that setting `strict = TRUE` may return non-unique strings.
`method` | a character string specifying the method used with default `"left.kept"`, see ‘Details’ below. Partial matches allowed.
`named` | logical: should `names` (with original vector) be returned.

### Details

The default algorithm (`method = "left.kept"`) used is similar to that of S. For a single string it works as follows. First spaces at the ends of the string are stripped. Then (if necessary) any other spaces are stripped. Next, lower case vowels are removed followed by lower case consonants. Finally if the abbreviation is still longer than `minlength` upper case letters and symbols are stripped.

Characters are always stripped from the end of the strings first. If an element of `names.arg` contains more than one word (words are separated by spaces) then at least one letter from each word will be retained.

Missing (`NA`) values are unaltered.

If `use.classes` is `FALSE` then the only distinction is to be between letters and space.

### Value

A character vector containing abbreviations for the character strings in its first argument. Duplicates in the original `names.arg` will be given identical abbreviations. If any non-duplicated elements have the same `minlength` abbreviations then, if `method = "both.sides"` the basic internal `abbreviate()` algorithm is applied to the characterwise reversed strings; if there are still duplicated abbreviations and if `strict = FALSE` as by default, `minlength` is incremented by one and new abbreviations are found for those elements only. This process is repeated until all unique elements of `names.arg` have unique abbreviations.

If `names` is true, the character version of `names.arg` is attached to the returned value as a `names` attribute: no other attributes are retained.

If a input element contains non-ASCII characters, the corresponding value will be in UTF-8 and marked as such (see `Encoding`).

### Warning

If `use.classes` is true (the default), this is really only suitable for English, and prior to R 3.3.0 did not work correctly with non-ASCII characters in multibyte locales. It will warn if used with non-ASCII characters (and required to reduce the length).

As from R 3.3.0 the concept of ‘vowel’ is extended from English vowels by including characters which are accented versions of lower-case English vowels (including ‘o with stroke’). Of course, there are languages (even Western European languages such as Welsh) with other vowels.

### See Also

`substr`.

### Examples

    x <- c("abcd", "efgh", "abce")
    abbreviate(x, 2)
    abbreviate(x, 2, strict = TRUE) # >> 1st and 3rd are == "ab"

    (st.abb <- abbreviate(state.name, 2))
    stopifnot(identical(unname(st.abb),
               abbreviate(state.name, 2, named=FALSE)))
    table(nchar(st.abb)) # out of 50, 3 need 4 letters :
    as <- abbreviate(state.name, 3, strict = TRUE)
    as[which(as == "Mss")]

    ## and without distinguishing vowels:
    st.abb2 <- abbreviate(state.name, 2, FALSE)
    cbind(st.abb, st.abb2)[st.abb2 != st.abb, ]

    ## method = "both.sides" helps:  no 4-letters, and only 4 3-letters:
    st.ab2 <- abbreviate(state.name, 2, method = "both")
    table(nchar(st.ab2))
    ## Compare the two methods:
    cbind(st.abb, st.ab2)

[Package base version 3.3.2 Index]