Constants {base} | R Documentation

## Built-in Constants

### Description

Constants built into R.

### Usage

    LETTERS
    letters
    month.abb
    month.name
    pi

### Details

R has a small number of built-in constants.

The following constants are available:

- `LETTERS`: the 26 upper-case letters of the Roman alphabet;

- `letters`: the 26 lower-case letters of the Roman alphabet;

- `month.abb`: the three-letter abbreviations for the English month names;

- `month.name`: the English names for the months of the year;

- `pi`: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

These are implemented as variables in the base namespace taking appropriate values.

### References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

### See Also

`data`, `DateTimeClasses`.

`Quotes` for the parsing of character constants, `NumericConstants` for numeric constants.

### Examples

    ## John Machin (ca 1706) computed pi to over 100 decimal places
    ## using the Taylor series expansion of the second term of
    pi - 4*(4*atan(1/5) - atan(1/239))

    ## months in English
    month.name
    ## months in your current locale
    format(ISOdate(2000, 1:12, 1), "%B")
    format(ISOdate(2000, 1:12, 1), "%b")

[Package base version 3.4.2 Index]