roman {utils} | R Documentation

## Roman Numerals

### Description

Simple manipulation of (a small set of) integer numbers as roman numerals.

### Usage

    as.roman(x)
    .romans

    r1 + r2
    r1 <= r2
    max(r1)
    sum(r2)

### Arguments

`x` | a numeric or character vector of arabic or roman numerals.
`r1, r2` | a roman number vector, i.e., of `class` `"roman"`.

### Details

`as.roman` creates objects of class `"roman"` which are internally represented as integers, and have suitable methods for printing, formatting, subsetting, coercion, etc, see `methods(class = "roman")`.

Arithmetic (`"Arith"`), Comparison (`"Compare"`) and (`"Logic"`), i.e., all `"Ops"` group operations work as for regular numbers via R's integer functionality.

Only numbers between 1 and 3899 have a unique representation as roman numbers, and hence others result in `as.roman(NA)`.

`.romans` is the basic dictionary, a named `character` vector.

### References

Wikipedia contributors (2006). Roman numerals. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_numerals&oldid=78252134. Accessed September 29, 2006.

### Examples

    ## First five roman 'numbers'.
    (y <- as.roman(1 : 5))
    ## Middle one.
    y[3]
    ## Current year as a roman number.
    (y <- as.roman(format(Sys.Date(), "%Y")))
    ## Today, and  10, 20, 30, and 100 years ago ...
    y - 10*c(0:3,10)

    ## mixture of arabic and roman numbers :
    as.roman(c(NA, 1:3, "", strrep("I", 1:6))) # + NA with a warning for "IIIIII"
    cc <- c(NA, 1:3, strrep("I", 0:5))
    (rc <- as.roman(cc)) # two NAs: 0 is not "roman"
    (ic <- as.integer(rc)) # works automatically [without an explicit method]
    rNA <- as.roman(NA)
    ## simple consistency checks -- arithmetic when result is in  {1,2,..,3899} :
    stopifnot(identical(rc, as.roman(rc)), # as.roman(.) is "idempotent"
              identical(rc + rc + (3*rc), rc*5),
              identical(ic, c(NA, 1:3, NA, 1:5)),
              identical(as.integer(5*rc), 5L*ic),
              identical(as.numeric(rc), as.numeric(ic)),
              identical(rc[1], rNA),
              identical(as.roman(0), rNA),
              identical(as.roman(NA_character_), rNA),
              identical(as.list(rc), as.list(ic)))
    ## Non-Arithmetic 'Ops' :
    stopifnot(exprs = {
            # Comparisons :
            identical(ic < 1:5, rc < 1:5)
            identical(ic < 1:5, rc < as.roman(1:5))
            # Logic  [integers |-> logical] :
            identical(rc & TRUE , ic & TRUE)
            identical(rc & FALSE, ic & FALSE)
            identical(rc | FALSE, ic | FALSE)
            identical(rc | NA   , ic | NA)
    })
    ## 'Summary' group functions (and comparison):
    (rc. <- rc[!is.na(rc)])
    stopifnot(exprs = {
            identical(min(rc), as.roman(NA))
            identical(min(rc, na.rm=TRUE),
             as.roman(min(ic, na.rm=TRUE)))
            identical(range(rc.),
             as.roman(range(as.integer(rc.))))
            identical(sum (rc, na.rm=TRUE), as.roman("XXI"))
            identical(format(prod(rc, na.rm=TRUE)), "DCCXX")
            format(prod(rc.)) == "DCCXX"
    })

[Package utils version 3.6.0 Index]