do {dplyr} | R Documentation

## Do anything

### Description

This is a general purpose complement to the specialised manipulation functions `filter()`, `select()`, `mutate()`, `summarise()` and `arrange()`. You can use `do()` to perform arbitrary computation, returning either a data frame or arbitrary objects which will be stored in a list. This is particularly useful when working with models: you can fit models per group with `do()` and then flexibly extract components with either another `do()` or `summarise()`.

### Usage

    do(.data, ...)

### Arguments

`.data` | a tbl
`...` | Expressions to apply to each group. If named, results will be stored in a new column. If unnamed, should return a data frame. You can use `.` to refer to the current group. You can not mix named and unnamed arguments.

### Details

For an empty data frame, the expressions will be evaluated once, even in the presence of a grouping. This makes sure that the format of the resulting data frame is the same for both empty and non-empty input.

### Value

`do()` always returns a data frame. The first columns in the data frame will be the labels, the others will be computed from `...`. Named arguments become list-columns, with one element for each group; unnamed elements must be data frames and labels will be duplicated accordingly.

Groups are preserved for a single unnamed input. This is different to `summarise()` because `do()` generally does not reduce the complexity of the data, it just expresses it in a special way. For multiple named inputs, the output is grouped by row with `rowwise()`. This allows other verbs to work in an intuitive way.

### Connection to plyr

If you're familiar with plyr, `do()` with named arguments is basically equivalent to `plyr::dlply()`, and `do()` with a single unnamed argument is basically equivalent to `plyr::ldply()`. However, instead of storing labels in a separate attribute, the result is always a data frame. This means that `summarise()` applied to the result of `do()` can act like `ldply()`.

### Examples

    by_cyl <- group_by(mtcars, cyl)
    do(by_cyl, head(., 2))

    models <- by_cyl %>% do(mod = lm(mpg ~ disp, data = .))
    models

    summarise(models, rsq = summary(mod)$r.squared)
    models %>% do(data.frame(coef = coef(.$mod)))
    models %>% do(data.frame(
      var = names(coef(.$mod)),
      coef(summary(.$mod)))
    )

    models <- by_cyl %>% do(
      mod_linear = lm(mpg ~ disp, data = .),
      mod_quad = lm(mpg ~ poly(disp, 2), data = .)
    )
    models
    compare <- models %>% do(aov = anova(.$mod_linear, .$mod_quad))
    # compare %>% summarise(p.value = aov$`Pr(>F)`)

    if (require("nycflights13")) {
    # You can use it to do any arbitrary computation, like fitting a linear
    # model. Let's explore how carrier departure delays vary over the time
    carriers <- group_by(flights, carrier)
    group_size(carriers)

    mods <- do(carriers, mod = lm(arr_delay ~ dep_time, data = .))
    mods %>% do(as.data.frame(coef(.$mod)))
    mods %>% summarise(rsq = summary(mod)$r.squared)

    ## Not run:
    # This longer example shows the progress bar in action
    by_dest <- flights %>% group_by(dest) %>% filter(n() > 100)
    library(mgcv)
    by_dest %>% do(smooth = gam(arr_delay ~ s(dep_time) + month, data = .))

    ## End(Not run)
    }

[Package dplyr version 0.7.0 Index]