ggplot {ggplot2} | R Documentation

## Create a new ggplot plot.

### Description

`ggplot()` initializes a ggplot object. It can be used to declare the input data frame for a graphic and to specify the set of plot aesthetics intended to be common throughout all subsequent layers unless specifically overridden.

### Usage

    ggplot(data = NULL, mapping = aes(), ..., environment = parent.frame())

### Arguments

`data` | Default dataset to use for plot. If not already a data.frame, will be converted to one by `fortify`. If not specified, must be suppled in each layer added to the plot.
`mapping` | Default list of aesthetic mappings to use for plot. If not specified, must be suppled in each layer added to the plot.
`...` | Other arguments passed on to methods. Not currently used.
`environment` | If an variable defined in the aesthetic mapping is not found in the data, ggplot will look for it in this environment. It defaults to using the environment in which `ggplot()` is called.

### Details

`ggplot()` is typically used to construct a plot incrementally, using the + operator to add layers to the existing ggplot object. This is advantageous in that the code is explicit about which layers are added and the order in which they are added. For complex graphics with multiple layers, initialization with `ggplot` is recommended.

There are three common ways to invoke `ggplot`:

- `ggplot(df, aes(x, y, <other aesthetics>))`

- `ggplot(df)`

- `ggplot()`

The first method is recommended if all layers use the same data and the same set of aesthetics, although this method can also be used to add a layer using data from another data frame. See the first example below. The second method specifies the default data frame to use for the plot, but no aesthetics are defined up front. This is useful when one data frame is used predominantly as layers are added, but the aesthetics may vary from one layer to another. The third method initializes a skeleton `ggplot` object which is fleshed out as layers are added. This method is useful when multiple data frames are used to produce different layers, as is often the case in complex graphics.

### Examples

    df <- data.frame(gp = factor(rep(letters[1:3], each = 10)),
                     y = rnorm(30))
    # Compute sample mean and standard deviation in each group
    ds <- plyr::ddply(df, "gp", plyr::summarise, mean = mean(y), sd = sd(y))

    # Declare the data frame and common aesthetics.
    # The summary data frame ds is used to plot
    # larger red points in a second geom_point() layer.
    # If the data = argument is not specified, it uses the
    # declared data frame from ggplot(); ditto for the aesthetics.
    ggplot(df, aes(x = gp, y = y)) +
       geom_point() +
       geom_point(data = ds, aes(y = mean),
                  colour = 'red', size = 3)
    # Same plot as above, declaring only the data frame in ggplot().
    # Note how the x and y aesthetics must now be declared in
    # each geom_point() layer.
    ggplot(df) +
       geom_point(aes(x = gp, y = y)) +
       geom_point(data = ds, aes(x = gp, y = mean),
                     colour = 'red', size = 3)
    # Set up a skeleton ggplot object and add layers:
    ggplot() +
      geom_point(data = df, aes(x = gp, y = y)) +
      geom_point(data = ds, aes(x = gp, y = mean),
                            colour = 'red', size = 3) +
      geom_errorbar(data = ds, aes(x = gp, y = mean,
                        ymin = mean - sd, ymax = mean + sd),
                        colour = 'red', width = 0.4)

[Package ggplot2 version 2.1.0 Index]