margin {ggplot2} | R Documentation

## Theme elements

### Description

In conjunction with the theme system, the `element_` functions specify the display of how non-data components of the plot are a drawn.

- `element_blank`: draws nothing, and assigns no space.

- `element_rect`: borders and backgrounds.

- `element_line`: lines.

- `element_text`: text.

`rel()` is used to specify sizes relative to the parent, `margins()` is used to specify the margins of elements.

### Usage

    margin(t = 0, r = 0, b = 0, l = 0, unit = "pt")

    element_blank()

    element_rect(fill = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL, linetype = NULL,
      color = NULL, inherit.blank = FALSE)

    element_line(colour = NULL, size = NULL, linetype = NULL,
      lineend = NULL, color = NULL, arrow = NULL, inherit.blank = FALSE)

    element_text(family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
      hjust = NULL, vjust = NULL, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
      color = NULL, margin = NULL, debug = NULL, inherit.blank = FALSE)

    rel(x)

### Arguments

`t, r, b, l` | Dimensions of each margin. (To remember order, think trouble).
`unit` | Default units of dimensions. Defaults to "pt" so it can be most easily scaled with the text.
`fill` | Fill colour.
`colour, color` | Line/border colour. Color is an alias for colour.
`size` | Line/border size in mm; text size in pts.
`linetype` | Line type. An integer (0:8), a name (blank, solid, dashed, dotted, dotdash, longdash, twodash), or a string with an even number (up to eight) of hexadecimal digits which give the lengths in consecutive positions in the string.
`inherit.blank` | Should this element inherit the existence of an `element_blank` among its parents? If `TRUE` the existence of a blank element among its parents will cause this element to be blank as well. If `FALSE` any blank parent element will be ignored when calculating final element state.
`lineend` | Line end Line end style (round, butt, square)
`arrow` | Arrow specification, as created by `arrow`
`family` | Font family
`face` | Font face ("plain", "italic", "bold", "bold.italic")
`hjust` | Horizontal justification (in [0, 1])
`vjust` | Vertical justification (in [0, 1])
`angle` | Angle (in [0, 360])
`lineheight` | Line height
`margin` | Margins around the text. See `margin` for more details. When creating a theme, the margins should be placed on the side of the text facing towards the center of the plot.
`debug` | If `TRUE`, aids visual debugging by drawing a solid rectangle behind the complete text area, and a point where each label is anchored.
`x` | A single number specifying size relative to parent element.

### Value

An S3 object of class `element`, `rel`, or `margin`.

### Examples

    plot <- ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) + geom_point()

    plot + theme(
      panel.background = element_blank(),
      axis.text = element_blank()
    )

    plot + theme(
      axis.text = element_text(colour = "red", size = rel(1.5))
    )

    plot + theme(
      axis.line = element_line(arrow = arrow())
    )

    plot + theme(
      panel.background = element_rect(fill = "white"),
      plot.margin = margin(2, 2, 2, 2, "cm"),
      plot.background = element_rect(
        fill = "grey90",
        colour = "black",
        size = 1
      )
    )

[Package ggplot2 version 2.2.1 Index]