rcorr {Hmisc} | R Documentation

## Matrix of Correlations and P-values

### Description

`rcorr` Computes a matrix of Pearson's `r` or Spearman's `rho` rank correlation coefficients for all possible pairs of columns of a matrix. Missing values are deleted in pairs rather than deleting all rows of `x` having any missing variables. Ranks are computed using efficient algorithms (see reference 2), using midranks for ties.

### Usage

    rcorr(x, y, type=c("pearson","spearman"))

    ## S3 method for class 'rcorr'
    print(x, ...)

### Arguments

`x` | a numeric matrix with at least 5 rows and at least 2 columns (if `y` is absent). For `print`, `x` is an object produced by `rcorr`.
`y` | a numeric vector or matrix which will be concatenated to `x`. If `y` is omitted for `rcorr`, `x` must be a matrix.
`type` | specifies the type of correlations to compute. Spearman correlations are the Pearson linear correlations computed on the ranks of non-missing elements, using midranks for ties.
`...` | argument for method compatiblity.

### Details

Uses midranks in case of ties, as described by Hollander and Wolfe. P-values are approximated by using the `t` or `F` distributions.

### Value

`rcorr` returns a list with elements `r`, the matrix of correlations, `n` the matrix of number of observations used in analyzing each pair of variables, and `P`, the asymptotic P-values. Pairs with fewer than 2 non-missing values have the r values set to NA. The diagonals of `n` are the number of non-NAs for the single variable corresponding to that row and column.

### Author(s)

Frank Harrell
Department of Biostatistics
Vanderbilt University
f.harrell@vanderbilt.edu

### References

Hollander M. and Wolfe D.A. (1973). Nonparametric Statistical Methods. New York: Wiley.

Press WH, Flannery BP, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling, WT (1988): Numerical Recipes in C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

### See Also

`hoeffd`, `cor`, `combine.levels`, `varclus`, `dotchart3`, `impute`, `chisq.test`, `cut2`.

### Examples

    x <- c(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2)
    y <- c(4,   1, 0, 1, 4)
    z <- c(1,   2, 3, 4, NA)
    v <- c(1,   2, 3, 4, 5)
    rcorr(cbind(x,y,z,v))

[Package Hmisc version 3.17-3 Index]