swRho {oce} | R Documentation

## Seawater density

### Description

Compute rho, the in-situ density of seawater.

### Usage

    swRho(salinity, temperature = NULL, pressure = NULL, longitude = NULL,
      latitude = NULL, eos = getOption("oceEOS", default = "gsw"))

### Arguments

`salinity` | either practical salinity (in which case `temperature` and `pressure` must be provided) or an `oce` object, in which case `salinity`, `temperature` (in the ITS-90 scale; see next item), etc. are inferred from the object.

`temperature`

in-situ temperature [degC], defined on the ITS-90 scale. This scale is used by GSW-style calculation (as requested by setting `eos="gsw"`), and is the value contained within `ctd` objects (and probably most other objects created with data acquired in the past decade or two). Since the UNESCO-style calculation is based on IPTS-68, the temperature is converted within the present function, using `T68fromT90`.

`pressure` | pressure [dbar]
`longitude` | longitude of observation (only used if `eos="gsw"`; see ‘Details’).
`latitude` | latitude of observation (only used if `eos="gsw"`; see ‘Details’).
`eos` | equation of state, either `"unesco"` [1,2] or `"gsw"` [3,4].

### Details

If `eos="unesco"`, the density is calculated using the UNESCO equation of state for seawater [1,2], and if `eos="gsw"`, the GSW formulation [3,4] is used.

### Value

In-situ density [kg/m^3].

### Temperature units

The UNESCO formulae are defined in terms of temperature measured on the IPTS-68 scale, whereas the replacement GSW formulae are based on the ITS-90 scale. Prior to the addition of GSW capabilities, the various `sw*` functions took temperature to be in IPTS-68 units. As GSW capabilities were added in early 2015, the assumed unit of `temperature` was taken to be ITS-90. This change means that old code has to be modified, by replacing e.g. `swRho(S, T, p)` with `swRho(S, T90fromT68(T), p)`. At typical oceanic values, the difference between the two scales is a few millidegrees.

### Author(s)

Dan Kelley

### References

1. Fofonoff, P. and R. C. Millard Jr, 1983. Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science, 44, 53 pp

2. Gill, A.E., 1982. Atmosphere-ocean Dynamics, Academic Press, New York, 662 pp.

3. IOC, SCOR, and IAPSO (2010). The international thermodynamic equation of seawater-2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties. Technical Report 56, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guide.

4. McDougall, T.J. and P.M. Barker, 2011: Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, 28pp., SCOR/IAPSO WG127, ISBN 978-0-646-55621-5.

### See Also

Related density routines include `swSigma0` (and equivalents at other pressure horizons), `swSigmaT`, and `swSigmaTheta`.

Other functions that calculate seawater properties: `T68fromT90`, `T90fromT48`, `T90fromT68`, `swAbsoluteSalinity`, `swAlphaOverBeta`, `swAlpha`, `swBeta`, `swCSTp`, `swConservativeTemperature`, `swDepth`, `swDynamicHeight`, `swLapseRate`, `swN2`, `swPressure`, `swRrho`, `swSCTp`, `swSTrho`, `swSigma0`, `swSigma1`, `swSigma2`, `swSigma3`, `swSigma4`, `swSigmaTheta`, `swSigmaT`, `swSigma`, `swSoundAbsorption`, `swSoundSpeed`, `swSpecificHeat`, `swSpice`, `swTFreeze`, `swTSrho`, `swThermalConductivity`, `swTheta`, `swViscosity`, `swZ`

### Examples

    library(oce)
    # The numbers in the comments are the check values listed in reference [1];
    # note that temperature in that reference was on the T68 scale, but that
    # the present function works with the ITS-90 scale, so a conversion
    # is required.
    swRho(35, T90fromT68(5),      0, eos="unesco") # 1027.67547
    swRho(35, T90fromT68(5),  10000, eos="unesco") # 1069.48914
    swRho(35, T90fromT68(25),     0, eos="unesco") # 1023.34306
    swRho(35, T90fromT68(25), 10000, eos="unesco") # 1062.53817

[Package oce version 0.9-22 Index]