FAQ {secr} | R Documentation

## Frequently Asked Questions, And Others

### Description

A place for hints and miscellaneous advice.

### How do I install and start secr?

Follow the usual procedure for installing from CRAN archive (see menu item Packages | Install package(s)... in Windows). You also need to get the package abind from CRAN.

Other required packages (MASS, nlme, stats) should be available as part of your R installation.

Like other contributed packages, secr needs to be loaded before each use e.g.,`library(secr)`.

You can learn about changes in the current version with `news(package = "secr")`.

### How can I get help?

There are three general ways of displaying documentation from within R. Firstly, you can bring up help pages for particular functions from the command prompt. For example:

`?secr` or `?secr.fit`

Secondly, help.search() lets you ask for a list of the help pages on a vague topic (or just use ?? at the prompt). For example:

`?? "linear models"`

Thirdly, you can display various secr documents listed in `secr-package`.

Tip: to search all secr help pages open the pdf version of the manual in Acrobat Reader (secr-manual.pdf; see also ?secr) and use <ctrl> F.

There is a support forum at http://www.phidot.org/forum under ‘DENSITY|secr’ and another at secrgroup. See below for more R tips. Some specific problems with `secr.fit` are covered in Troubleshooting.

### How should I report a problem?

If you get really stuck or find something you think is a bug then please report the problem to one of the online lists.

You may be asked to send an actual dataset - ideally, the simplest one that exhibits the problem. Use `save` to wrap several R objects together in one .RData file, e.g., `save("captdata", "secrdemo.0", "secrdemo.b", file = "mydata.RData")`. Also, paste into the text of your message the output from `packageDescription( "secr" )`.

### Why do I get different answers from secr and Density?

Strictly speaking, this should not happen if you have specified the same model and likelihood, although you may see a little variation due to the different maximization algorithms. Likelihoods (and estimates) may differ if you use different integration meshes (habitat masks), which can easily happen because the programs differ in how they set up the mesh. If you want to make a precise comparison, save the Density mesh to a file and read it into secr, or vice versa.

Extreme data, especially rare long-distance movements, may be handled differently by the two programs. The ‘minprob’ component of the ‘details’ argument of `secr.fit` sets a lower threshold of probability for capture histories (smaller values are all set to minprob), whereas Density has no explicit limit.

### How can I speed up model fitting and model selection?

There are many ways - see Speed tips and secr-troubleshooting.pdf.

### Does secr use multiple cores?

Some computations can be run in parallel on multiple processors (most desktops these days have multiple cores), but capability is limited. Check the ‘ncores’ argument of sim.secr() and secr.fit() and ?ncores. The speed gain is significant for parametric bootstrap computations in sim.secr. Parallelisation is also allowed for the session likelihood components of a multi-session model in secr.fit(), but gains there seem to be small or negative.

### Can a model use detector-level covariates that vary over time?

Yes. See ?timevaryingcov. However, a more direct way to control for varying effort is provided - see the 'usage' atribute, which now allows a continuous measure of effort (secr-varyingeffort.pdf). A tip: covariate models fit more quickly when the covariate takes only a few different values.

### Things You Might Need To Know About R

The function `findFn` in package sos lets you search CRAN for R functions by matching text in their documentation.

There is now a vast amount of R advice available on the web. For the terminally frustrated, ‘R inferno’ by Patrick Burns is recommended (http://www.burns-stat.com/pages/Tutor/R_inferno.pdf). "If you are using R and you think you're in hell, this is a map for you".

Method functions for S3 classes cannot be listed in the usual way by typing the function name at the R prompt because they are ‘hidden’ in a namespace. Get around this with getAnywhere(). For example:

`getAnywhere(print.secr)`

R objects have ‘attributes’ that usually are kept out of sight. Important attributes are ‘class’ (all objects), ‘dim’ (matrices and arrays) and ‘names’ (lists). secr hides quite a lot of useful data as named ‘attributes’. Usually you will use summary and extraction methods (`traps`, `covariates`, `usage` etc.) to view and change the attributes of the various classes of object in secr. If you're curious, you can reveal the lot with ‘attributes’. For example, with the demonstration capture history data ‘captdata’:

`traps(captdata) ## extraction method for `traps'`

`attributes(captdata) ## all attributes`

Also, the function `str` provides a compact summary of any object:

`str(captdata)`

### References

Claeskens, G. and Hjort N. L. (2008) Model Selection and Model Averaging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[Package secr version 3.2.1 Index]