nakagami {VGAM} | R Documentation

## Nakagami Distribution Family Function

### Description

Estimation of the two parameters of the Nakagami distribution by maximum likelihood estimation.

### Usage

    nakagami(lscale = "loge", lshape = "loge", iscale = 1, ishape = NULL,
             nowarning = FALSE)

### Arguments

`nowarning` | Logical. Suppress a warning?
`lscale, lshape` | Parameter link functions applied to the scale and shape parameters. Log links ensure they are positive. See `Links` for more choices and information.
`iscale, ishape` | Optional initial values for the shape and scale parameters. For `ishape`, a `NULL` value means it is obtained in the `initialize` slot based on the value of `iscale`. For `iscale`, assigning a `NULL` means a value is obtained in the `initialize` slot, however, setting another numerical value is recommended if convergence fails or is too slow.

### Details

The Nakagami distribution, which is useful for modelling wireless systems such as radio links, can be written

2 * (shape/scale)^shape * y^(2*shape-1) * exp(-shape*y^2/scale) / gamma(shape)

for y > 0, shape > 0, scale > 0. The mean of Y is sqrt(scale/shape) * gamma(shape+0.5) / gamma(shape) and these are returned as the fitted values. By default, the linear/additive predictors are eta1=log(scale) and eta2=log(shape). Fisher scoring is implemented.

### Value

An object of class `"vglmff"` (see `vglmff-class`). The object is used by modelling functions such as `vglm`, and `vgam`.

### Note

The Nakagami distribution is also known as the Nakagami-m distribution, where m=shape here. Special cases: m=0.5 is a one-sided Gaussian distribution and m=1 is a Rayleigh distribution. The second moment is E(Y^2)=m.

If Y has a Nakagami distribution with parameters shape and scale then Y^2 has a gamma distribution with shape parameter shape and scale parameter scale/shape.

### Author(s)

T. W. Yee

### References

Nakagami, M. (1960) The m-distribution: a general formula of intensity distribution of rapid fading, pp.3–36 in: Statistical Methods in Radio Wave Propagation. W. C. Hoffman, Ed., New York: Pergamon.

### See Also

`rnaka`, `gamma2`, `rayleigh`.

### Examples

    nn <- 1000; shape <- exp(0); Scale <- exp(1)
    ndata <- data.frame(y1 = sqrt(rgamma(nn, shape = shape, scale = Scale/shape)))
    fit <- vglm(y1 ~ 1, nakagami, data = ndata, trace = TRUE, crit = "coef")
    ndata <- transform(ndata, y2 = rnaka(nn, scale = Scale, shape = shape))
    fit <- vglm(y2 ~ 1, nakagami(iscale = 3), data = ndata, trace = TRUE)
    head(fitted(fit))
    with(ndata, mean(y2))
    coef(fit, matrix = TRUE)
    (Cfit <- Coef(fit))
    ## Not run:  sy <- with(ndata, sort(y2))
    hist(with(ndata, y2), prob = TRUE, main = "", xlab = "y", ylim = c(0, 0.6),
         col = "lightblue")
    lines(dnaka(sy, scale = Cfit["scale"], shape = Cfit["shape"]) ~ sy,
          data = ndata, col = "orange")
    ## End(Not run)

[Package VGAM version 1.0-3 Index]